农民家庭经营性收入分配变动实证研究——基于浙江省农村金融发展的视角

长期以来,农村居民内部收入差距始终呈现一种不断扩大的趋势,但基于收入来源分解所得的农民家庭经营性收入差距,却在维持了很长一段时间的相对稳定态势之后,才出现快速上升的现象,其背后的深层次原因是什么?该文从农村金融发展的角度加以解释,认为长期以来的农村金融抑制限制了农户家庭经营性收入差距的扩大,而不断深化的农村金融体制改革打破了传统的家庭经营模式,从而拉大了农户间的收入差距。随后,以浙江省为例进行实证检验,结果支持上述论断,并发现浙江省农村金融发展短期内开始扩大农民家庭经营性收入差距,但长期来看两者存在倒U型关系。农村金融持续发展将有助于改善农村收入分配关系。     

河南农村居民家庭经营收入变化及其影响因素分析

对1991--2001年间河南农村居民家庭经营收入水平及其构成的变化进行了实证描述，并对其影响因素进行了分析．结果表明。此期间农民家庭经营收入和总收入经历了同步变化的3个阶段，家庭经营收入仍然保持了以农业为主体的收入结构．农产品价格、农产品成本、农户家庭生产经营结构是影响农民家庭经营收入变动的主要因素。     

Validation of the accuracy of household reporting of subsistence fishing catch and effort: a Fijian case study

Abstract  The accuracy of household reporting of subsistence fishing catch and effort and seafood consumption on the Fijian island of Ono-i-Lau was studied. A creel survey was carried out concurrently to validate the household survey data. Reported estimates of fishing participation, effort, and fish consumption were not significantly different to the creel survey estimates. Householder's appeared to overestimate the number of fish from the most abundant family Lethrinidae, and underestimate rarer fish. However, there was no significant difference between the reported and observed contribution of the majority of finfish families and invertebrate taxa. The reported and observed catch rate estimates were not significantly different, indicating that Ono-i-Lau villagers are relatively accurate in their estimation of the number and size of fish from recalled catches.     

低温热水地板供暖系统简述

本文介绍了低温热水地板供暖系统的特点。对设计中存在的几个问题进行分析:热负荷计算问题、户内系统阻力损失和地板加热盘管敷设形式及间距选择问题。     

农户家庭生命周期及其经济运行研究

家庭组织是农户特有的一处经济组织形式，本研究运用全国农村固定观察点山西太谷县武家庄村的调查资料，着重研究了农户经济状况和家庭决策模式与农户家庭生命周期的关系。结果表明：两者都与农户家庭生命周期密切相关。为此，应当对农户家庭生命周期规律引起高度的重视。     

农户经济周期理论分析

本文分析农户经济和农户经济周期的特征以及学术界对其量化不准的缘由后,设计构建出能准确反映农户经济周期变化规律的数学模型。     

Survey on the Listeria contamination of ready-to-eat food products and household environments in Vienna, Austria

Qualitative and quantitative contamination of ready-to-eat food-stuffs with the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes was studied in 1586 samples collected from 103 supermarkets (n = 946) and 61 households (n = 640) in Vienna, Austria. Seventeen groups of ready-to-eat foods were classified into three risk categories for contamination (CP1-CP3). Three to four samples were randomly collected at the retail level from each CP. Regarding the households, the sampling procedure was started with food items of CP1, and if not available, was continued with sampling of food items of CP2 and finally of CP3. Additionally, 184 environmental samples (swabs from the kitchen area, dust samples from the vacuum cleaner) and faecal samples (household members and pet animals) were included. One-hundred and twenty-four (13.1%) and 45 (4.8%) samples out of 946 food samples collected from food retailers tested positive for Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes, respectively, with five smoked fish samples exceeding the tolerated limit of 100 CFU/g food. Food-stuffs associated with the highest risk of contamination were twice as frequently contaminated with L. monocytogenes as food-stuffs associated with a medium risk of contamination. Products showing the highest contamination rate were fish and seafood (19.4%), followed by raw meat sausages (6.3%), soft cheese (5.5%) and cooked meat products/patés (4.5%). The overall contamination rate of foods collected at the household level was more than two times lower. Only 5.6% and 1.7% of 640 food-stuffs analysed tested positive for Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes, respectively. However, CP1 foods were rarely collected. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing of the collected L. monocytogenes isolates revealed a high degree of diversity between the isolates, with some exceptions. PFGE typing of isolates harvested from green-veined cheese revealed a match among strains, although the manufacturer seemed to be distinguishable. Typing of household strains revealed an epidemiological link within one family. In this case, food-stuffs and the kitchen environment were contaminated by an indistinguishable isolate. In addition, the same isolate was collected from a pooled faecal sample of the household members suggesting that consumption of even low contaminated food items (<100 CFU/g) results in Listeria shedding after the passage through the gut.     

内蒙古伊金霍洛旗农牧户收入来源的影响因素分析

本文以内蒙古伊金霍洛旗为例,采用多元回归分析法分析了畜牧业纯收入、种植业纯收入、打工收入和政府补助四个因素对农牧户收入的影响,发现畜牧业收入和打工收入是影响农牧户收入的主要因素。在此基础上又对影响以上4个因素的主要因子进行了划分和分析,发现农牧户会根据生产力的发展和生产技术的提高,主动地调整种植结构和养殖结构;随着脱离农牧业生产的农牧户增多,使得打工收入成为目前最主要的收入来源;从投入-产出的角度,得出影响农牧户收入下降、上升的主要原因。在此基础上,提出目前农牧户羊只养殖的最优数量,降低饲草料投入成本的方向,以及最优的劳动力配置形式。     

生态旅游业对东祁连山区农户经济行为的影响分析

东祁连山区位于干旱半干旱地区,旅游资源丰富,立足于区域特色优势的生态旅游业将有助于农牧民增收和生态环境良好。论文通过分析肃南县马蹄寺旅游区周边地区农牧户经济行为,结果表明,生态旅游业对农牧户经济行为产生了积极的影响,农牧民生活水平和生活质量有了显著提高,农业收支比例逐年下降,旅游业收支比例上升;农牧民生产生活方式发生了根本性转变,旅游区及其周边区域的生态恶化局面初步缓解。     

借贷、投资行为对家庭消费影响的动态分析——基于现金流量模型的视角

借贷、投资行为对家庭消费具有重要影响,理清其中关系,有利于建设消费型经济。利用微观数据构造家庭现金流量表,将现金流分为经营、投资和筹资三类,分别与家庭日常收支、投资与借贷行为相对应,对现金流的实证结果表明借贷与投资行为都明显促进了家庭消费。在投资行为中,房地产投资对消费影响最大,金融投资影响微弱;借贷行为对消费具有带动作用,但不是体现在需求弹性最小的日常生活消费上;投资、借贷行为是通过增加家庭净资产和提升幸福感来实现对消费的拉动。